Because the value of advice differs from client to client, this latest study explores how financial advice providers can calculate a personalised value of advice based on an individual's unique needs and circumstances.

Our research focuses on how investors value the advice they receive from human and robo-advisers, and what this means for advisers who want to fine-tune their proposition and optimise their value-add for existing and potential clients.

Vanguard's Adviser's Alpha identifies the seven critical benefits that advisers offer clients and attributes to each a quantitative value.